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- ;;; cal-china.el --- calendar functions for the Chinese calendar.
-
- ;; Copyright (C) 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- ;; Author: Edward M. Reingold <reingold@cs.uiuc.edu>
- ;; Keywords: calendar
- ;; Human-Keywords: Chinese calendar, calendar, holidays, diary
-
- ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
- ;; any later version.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
- ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
- ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
-
- ;;; Commentary:
-
- ;; This collection of functions implements the features of calendar.el,
- ;; diary.el, and holidays.el that deal with the Chinese calendar. The rules
- ;; used for the Chinese calendar are those of Baolin Liu (see L. E. Doggett's
- ;; article "Calendars" in the Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical
- ;; Almanac, second edition, 1992) for the calendar as revised at the beginning
- ;; of the Qing dynasty in 1644. The nature of the astronomical calculations
- ;; is such that precise calculations cannot be made without great expense in
- ;; time, so that the calendars produced may not agree perfectly with published
- ;; tables--but no two pairs of published tables agree perfectly either! Liu's
- ;; rules produce a calendar for 2033 which is not accepted by all authorities.
- ;; The date of Chinese New Year is correct from 1644-2051.
-
- ;; Comments, corrections, and improvements should be sent to
- ;; Edward M. Reingold Department of Computer Science
- ;; (217) 333-6733 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- ;; reingold@cs.uiuc.edu 1304 West Springfield Avenue
- ;; Urbana, Illinois 61801
-
- ;;; Code:
-
- (require 'lunar)
-
- (defvar chinese-calendar-celestial-stem
- ["Jia" "Yi" "Bing" "Ding" "Wu" "Ji" "Geng" "Xin" "Ren" "Gui"])
-
- (defvar chinese-calendar-terrestrial-branch
- ["Zi" "Chou" "Yin" "Mao" "Chen" "Si" "Wu" "Wei" "Shen" "You" "Xu" "Hai"])
-
- (defvar chinese-calendar-time-zone
- '(if (< year 1928)
- (+ 465 (/ 40.0 60.0))
- 480)
- "*Number of minutes difference between local standard time for Chinese
- calendar and Coordinated Universal (Greenwich) Time. Default is for Beijing.
- This is an expression in `year' since it changed at 1928-01-01 00:00:00 from
- UT+7:45:40 to UT+8.")
-
- (defvar chinese-calendar-location-name "Beijing"
- "*Name of location used for calculation of Chinese calendar.")
-
- (defvar chinese-calendar-daylight-time-offset 0
- ; The correct value is as follows, but the Chinese calendrical
- ; authorities do NOT use DST in determining astronomical events:
- ; 60
- "*Number of minutes difference between daylight savings and standard time
- for Chinese calendar. Default is for no daylight savings time.")
-
- (defvar chinese-calendar-standard-time-zone-name
- '(if (< year 1928)
- "PMT"
- "CST")
- "*Abbreviated name of standard time zone used for Chinese calendar.")
-
- (defvar chinese-calendar-daylight-time-zone-name "CDT"
- "*Abbreviated name of daylight-savings time zone used for Chinese calendar.")
-
- (defvar chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-starts nil
- ; The correct value is as follows, but the Chinese calendrical
- ; authorities do NOT use DST in determining astronomical events:
- ; '(cond ((< 1986 year) (calendar-nth-named-day 1 0 4 year 10))
- ; ((= 1986 year) '(5 4 1986))
- ; (t nil))
- "*Sexp giving the date on which daylight savings time starts for Chinese
- calendar. Default is for no daylight savings time. See documentation of
- `calendar-daylight-savings-starts'.")
-
- (defvar chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-ends nil
- ; The correct value is as follows, but the Chinese calendrical
- ; authorities do NOT use DST in determining astronomical events:
- ; '(if (<= 1986 year) (calendar-nth-named-day 1 0 9 year 11))
- "*Sexp giving the date on which daylight savings time ends for Chinese
- calendar. Default is for no daylight savings time. See documentation of
- `calendar-daylight-savings-ends'.")
-
- (defvar chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time 0
- "*Number of minutes after midnight that daylight savings time starts for
- Chinese calendar. Default is for no daylight savings time.")
-
- (defvar chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time 0
- "*Number of minutes after midnight that daylight savings time ends for
- Chinese calendar. Default is for no daylight savings time.")
-
- (defun chinese-zodiac-sign-on-or-after (d)
- "Absolute date of first new Zodiac sign on or after absolute date d.
- The Zodiac signs begin when the sun's longitude is a multiple of 30 degrees."
- (let* ((year (extract-calendar-year
- (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute d)))
- (calendar-time-zone (eval chinese-calendar-time-zone))
- (calendar-daylight-time-offset
- chinese-calendar-daylight-time-offset)
- (calendar-standard-time-zone-name
- chinese-calendar-standard-time-zone-name)
- (calendar-daylight-time-zone-name
- chinese-calendar-daylight-time-zone-name)
- (calendar-calendar-daylight-savings-starts
- chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-starts)
- (calendar-daylight-savings-ends
- chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-ends)
- (calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time
- chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time)
- (calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time
- chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time))
- (floor
- (calendar-absolute-from-astro
- (solar-date-next-longitude
- (calendar-astro-from-absolute d)
- 30)))))
-
- (defun chinese-new-moon-on-or-after (d)
- "Absolute date of first new moon on or after absolute date d."
- (let* ((year (extract-calendar-year
- (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute d)))
- (calendar-time-zone (eval chinese-calendar-time-zone))
- (calendar-daylight-time-offset
- chinese-calendar-daylight-time-offset)
- (calendar-standard-time-zone-name
- chinese-calendar-standard-time-zone-name)
- (calendar-daylight-time-zone-name
- chinese-calendar-daylight-time-zone-name)
- (calendar-calendar-daylight-savings-starts
- chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-starts)
- (calendar-daylight-savings-ends
- chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-ends)
- (calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time
- chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time)
- (calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time
- chinese-calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time))
- (floor
- (calendar-absolute-from-astro
- (lunar-new-moon-on-or-after
- (calendar-astro-from-absolute d))))))
-
- (defvar chinese-year-cache
- '((1989 (12 726110) (1 726139) (2 726169) (3 726198) (4 726227) (5 726257)
- (6 726286) (7 726316) (8 726345) (9 726375) (10 726404) (11 726434))
- (1990 (12 726464) (1 726494) (2 726523) (3 726553) (4 726582) (5 726611)
- (5.5 726641) (6 726670) (7 726699) (8 726729) (9 726758) (10 726788)
- (11 726818))
- (1991 (12 726848) (1 726878) (2 726907) (3 726937) (4 726966) (5 726995)
- (6 727025) (7 727054) (8 727083) (9 727113) (10 727142) (11 727172))
- (1992 (12 727202) (1 727232) (2 727261) (3 727291) (4 727321) (5 727350)
- (6 727379) (7 727409) (8 727438) (9 727467) (10 727497) (11 727526))
- (1993 (12 727556) (1 727586) (2 727615) (3 727645) (3.5 727675) (4 727704)
- (5 727734) (6 727763) (7 727793) (8 727822) (9 727851) (10 727881)
- (11 727910))
- (1994 (12 727940) (1 727969) (2 727999) (3 728029) (4 728059) (5 728088)
- (6 728118) (7 728147) (8 728177) (9 728206) (10 728235) (11 728265))
- (1995 (12 728294) (1 728324) (2 728353) (3 728383) (4 728413) (5 728442)
- (6 728472) (7 728501) (8 728531) (8.5 728561) (9 728590) (10 728619)
- (11 728649))
- (1996 (12 728678) (1 728708) (2 728737) (3 728767) (4 728796) (5 728826)
- (6 728856) (7 728885) (8 728915) (9 728944) (10 728974) (11 729004))
- (1997 (12 729033) (1 729062) (2 729092) (3 729121) (4 729151) (5 729180)
- (6 729210) (7 729239) (8 729269) (9 729299) (10 729328) (11 729358))
- (1998 (12 729388) (1 729417) (2 729447) (3 729476) (4 729505) (5 729535)
- (5.5 729564) (6 729593) (7 729623) (8 729653) (9 729682) (10 729712)
- (11 729742))
- (1999 (12 729771) (1 729801) (2 729831) (3 729860) (4 729889) (5 729919)
- (6 729948) (7 729977) (8 730007) (9 730036) (10 730066) (11 730096))
- (2000 (12 730126) (1 730155) (2 730185) (3 730215) (4 730244) (5 730273)
- (6 730303) (7 730332) (8 730361) (9 730391) (10 730420) (11 730450)))
- "An assoc list of Chinese year structures as determined by `chinese-year'.
-
- Values are computed as needed, but to save time, the initial value consists
- of the precomputed years 1989-2000. The code works just as well with this
- set to nil initially (which is how the value for 1989-2000 was computed).")
-
- (defun chinese-year (y)
- "The structure of the Chinese year for Gregorian year Y.
- The result is a list of pairs (i d), where month i begins on absolute date d,
- of the Chinese months from the Chinese month following the solstice in
- Gregorian year Y-1 to the Chinese month of the solstice of Gregorian year Y.
-
- The list is cached for further use."
- (let ((list (cdr (assoc y chinese-year-cache))))
- (if (not list)
- (progn
- (setq list (compute-chinese-year y))
- (setq chinese-year-cache
- (append chinese-year-cache (list (cons y list))))))
- list))
-
- (defun number-chinese-months (list start)
- "Assign month numbers to the lunar months in LIST, starting with START.
- Numbers are assigned sequentially, START, START+1, ..., 11, with half
- numbers used for leap months.
-
- First month of list will never be a leap month, nor will the last."
- (if list
- (if (zerop (- 12 start (length list)))
- ;; List is too short for a leap month
- (cons (list start (car list))
- (number-chinese-months (cdr list) (1+ start)))
- (cons
- ;; First month
- (list start (car list))
- ;; Remaining months
- (if (and (cdr (cdr list));; at least two more months...
- (<= (car (cdr (cdr list)))
- (chinese-zodiac-sign-on-or-after (car (cdr list)))))
- ;; Next month is a leap month
- (cons (list (+ start 0.5) (car (cdr list)))
- (number-chinese-months (cdr (cdr list)) (1+ start)))
- ;; Next month is not a leap month
- (number-chinese-months (cdr list) (1+ start)))))))
-
- (defun chinese-month-list (start end)
- "List of starting dates of Chinese months from START to END."
- (if (<= start end)
- (let ((new-moon (chinese-new-moon-on-or-after start)))
- (if (<= new-moon end)
- (cons new-moon
- (chinese-month-list (1+ new-moon) end))))))
-
- (defun compute-chinese-year (y)
- "Compute the structure of the Chinese year for Gregorian year Y.
- The result is a list of pairs (i d), where month i begins on absolute date d,
- of the Chinese months from the Chinese month following the solstice in
- Gregorian year Y-1 to the Chinese month of the solstice of Gregorian year Y."
- (let* ((next-solstice (chinese-zodiac-sign-on-or-after
- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
- (list 12 15 y))))
- (list (chinese-month-list (1+ (chinese-zodiac-sign-on-or-after
- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
- (list 12 15 (1- y)))))
- next-solstice))
- (next-sign (chinese-zodiac-sign-on-or-after (car list))))
- (if (= (length list) 12)
- ;; No room for a leap month, just number them 12, 1, 2, ..., 11
- (cons (list 12 (car list))
- (number-chinese-months (cdr list) 1))
- ;; Now we can assign numbers to the list for y
- ;; The first month or two are special
- (if (or (> (car list) next-sign) (>= next-sign (car (cdr list))))
- ;; First month on list is a leap month, second is not
- (append (list (list 11.5 (car list))
- (list 12 (car (cdr list))))
- (number-chinese-months (cdr (cdr list)) 1))
- ;; First month on list is not a leap month
- (append (list (list 12 (car list)))
- (if (>= (chinese-zodiac-sign-on-or-after (car (cdr list)))
- (car (cdr (cdr list))))
- ;; Second month on list is a leap month
- (cons (list 12.5 (car (cdr list)))
- (number-chinese-months (cdr (cdr list)) 1))
- ;; Second month on list is not a leap month
- (number-chinese-months (cdr list) 1)))))))
-
- (defun calendar-absolute-from-chinese (date)
- "The number of days elapsed between the Gregorian date 12/31/1 BC and DATE.
- The Gregorian date Sunday, December 31, 1 BC is imaginary."
- (let* ((cycle (car date))
- (year (car (cdr date)))
- (month (car (cdr (cdr date))))
- (day (car (cdr (cdr (cdr date)))))
- (g-year (+ (* (1- cycle) 60);; years in prior cycles
- (1- year) ;; prior years this cycle
- -2636))) ;; years before absolute date 0
- (+ (1- day);; prior days this month
- (car
- (cdr ;; absolute date of start of this month
- (assoc month (append (memq (assoc 1 (chinese-year g-year))
- (chinese-year g-year))
- (chinese-year (1+ g-year)))))))))
-
- (defun calendar-chinese-from-absolute (date)
- "Compute Chinese date (cycle year month day) corresponding to absolute DATE.
- The absolute date is the number of days elapsed since the (imaginary)
- Gregorian date Sunday, December 31, 1 BC."
- (let* ((g-year (extract-calendar-year
- (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute date)))
- (c-year (+ g-year 2695))
- (list (append (chinese-year (1- g-year))
- (chinese-year g-year)
- (chinese-year (1+ g-year)))))
- (while (<= (car (cdr (car (cdr list)))) date)
- ;; the first month on the list is in Chinese year c-year
- ;; date is on or after start of second month on list...
- (if (= 1 (car (car (cdr list))))
- ;; second month on list is a new Chinese year
- (setq c-year (1+ c-year)))
- ;; ...so first month on list is of no interest
- (setq list (cdr list)))
- (list (/ (1- c-year) 60)
- (calendar-mod c-year 60)
- (car (car list))
- (1+ (- date (car (cdr (car list))))))))
-
- (defun holiday-chinese-new-year ()
- "Date of Chinese New Year."
- (let ((m displayed-month)
- (y displayed-year))
- (increment-calendar-month m y 1)
- (if (< m 5)
- (let ((chinese-new-year
- (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
- (car (cdr (assoc 1 (chinese-year y)))))))
- (if (calendar-date-is-visible-p chinese-new-year)
- (list
- (list chinese-new-year
- (format "Chinese New Year (%s)"
- (calendar-chinese-sexagesimal-name (+ y 57))))))))))
-
- (defun calendar-chinese-date-string (&optional date)
- "String of Chinese date of Gregorian DATE.
- Defaults to today's date if DATE is not given."
- (let* ((a-date (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
- (or date (calendar-current-date))))
- (c-date (calendar-chinese-from-absolute a-date))
- (cycle (car c-date))
- (year (car (cdr c-date)))
- (month (car (cdr (cdr c-date))))
- (day (car (cdr (cdr (cdr c-date)))))
- (this-month (calendar-absolute-from-chinese
- (list cycle year month 1)))
- (next-month (calendar-absolute-from-chinese
- (list (if (= year 60) (1+ cycle) cycle)
- (if (= (floor month) 12) (1+ year) year)
- (calendar-mod (1+ (floor month)) 12)
- 1)))
- (m-cycle (% (+ (* year 5) (floor month)) 60)))
- (format "Cycle %s, year %s (%s), %smonth %s%s, day %s (%s)"
- cycle
- year (calendar-chinese-sexagesimal-name year)
- (if (not (integerp month))
- "second "
- (if (< 30 (- next-month this-month))
- "first "
- ""))
- (floor month)
- (if (integerp month)
- (format " (%s)" (calendar-chinese-sexagesimal-name
- (+ (* 5 year) month 44)))
- "")
- day (calendar-chinese-sexagesimal-name (+ a-date 15)))))
-
- (defun calendar-chinese-sexagesimal-name (n)
- "The N-th name of the Chinese sexagesimal cycle.
- N congruent to 1 gives the first name, N congruent to 2 gives the second name,
- ..., N congruent to 60 gives the sixtieth name."
- (format "%s-%s"
- (aref chinese-calendar-celestial-stem (% (1- n) 10))
- (aref chinese-calendar-terrestrial-branch (% (1- n) 12))))
-
- (defun calendar-print-chinese-date ()
- "Show the Chinese date equivalents of date."
- (interactive)
- (message "Computing Chinese date...")
- (message "Chinese date: %s"
- (calendar-chinese-date-string (calendar-cursor-to-date t))))
-
- (defun calendar-goto-chinese-date (date &optional noecho)
- "Move cursor to Chinese date DATE.
- Echo Chinese date unless NOECHO is t."
- (interactive
- (let* ((c (calendar-chinese-from-absolute
- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
- (calendar-current-date))))
- (cycle (calendar-read
- "Chinese calendar cycle number (>44): "
- '(lambda (x) (> x 44))
- (int-to-string (car c))))
- (year (calendar-read
- "Year in Chinese cycle (1..60): "
- '(lambda (x) (and (<= 1 x) (<= x 60)))
- (int-to-string (car (cdr c)))))
- (month-list (make-chinese-month-assoc-list
- (chinese-months cycle year)))
- (month (cdr (assoc
- (completing-read "Chinese calendar month: "
- month-list nil t)
- month-list)))
- (last (if (= month
- (car (cdr (cdr
- (calendar-chinese-from-absolute
- (+ 29
- (calendar-absolute-from-chinese
- (list cycle year month 1))))))))
- 30
- 29))
- (day (calendar-read
- (format "Chinese calendar day (1-%d): " last)
- '(lambda (x) (and (<= 1 x) (<= x last))))))
- (list (list cycle year month day))))
- (calendar-goto-date (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
- (calendar-absolute-from-chinese date)))
- (or noecho (calendar-print-chinese-date)))
-
- (defun chinese-months (c y)
- "A list of the months in cycle C, year Y of the Chinese calendar."
- (let* ((l (memq 1 (append
- (mapcar '(lambda (x)
- (car x))
- (chinese-year (extract-calendar-year
- (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
- (calendar-absolute-from-chinese
- (list c y 1 1))))))
- (mapcar '(lambda (x)
- (if (> (car x) 11) (car x)))
- (chinese-year (extract-calendar-year
- (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
- (calendar-absolute-from-chinese
- (list (if (= y 60) (1+ c) c)
- (if (= y 60) 1 y)
- 1 1))))))))))
- l))
-
- (defun make-chinese-month-assoc-list (l)
- "Make list of months L into an assoc list."
- (if (and l (car l))
- (if (and (cdr l) (car (cdr l)))
- (if (= (car l) (floor (car (cdr l))))
- (append
- (list (cons (format "%s (first)" (car l)) (car l))
- (cons (format "%s (second)" (car l)) (car (cdr l))))
- (make-chinese-month-assoc-list (cdr (cdr l))))
- (append
- (list (cons (int-to-string (car l)) (car l)))
- (make-chinese-month-assoc-list (cdr l))))
- (list (cons (int-to-string (car l)) (car l))))))
-
- (defun diary-chinese-date ()
- "Chinese calendar equivalent of date diary entry."
- (format "Chinese date: %s" (calendar-chinese-date-string date)))
-
- (provide 'cal-china)
-
- ;;; cal-china.el ends here
-